《乾隆帝是一是二圖》軸考究
乾隆御書房與長春書屋
乾隆 emperor’s personal study is a sanctuary for refined pursuits and contemplative thought, designated with the moniker of “Long Chun Study.” The etymology of its namesake derives from the era when Prince Hongli resided within Yuanmingyuan’s secluded chamber, where Yongzheng emperor, presiding over an assembly of sages, accorded him the sobriquet “Long Chun 居士.” In his ascension to the throne,弘曆, now emperor, extended this symbolic moniker to his private writing quarters in Yuanmingyuan, Rehe Palace’s verdant hills, and the secluded imperial gardens of Changyang Temple. This practice, honoring his prior appellation, found its zenith within the sanctuary of the 養性殿, echoing every intricate detail of its esteemed counterpart at Changyang temple to provide a seamless continuity for the retired emperor.
Royal Treasury: Repository of Precious Antiquities
The royal treasury’s vast holdings extend far beyond material wealth to encompass curated antiquities and artistic treasures, catering to the refined aesthetic sensibilities of the court and aristocracy alike. These relics adorn the grand halls of the palace as objets d’art, offering both decorative splendor and historical intrigue to these hallowed grounds.
Evolution of Screen Art
The venerable屏風, a ubiquitous adornment throughout history’s annals, originated as a practical shield from nature’s elements. As artistry evolved, this utilitarian function yielded to an exquisite union of pragmatic design and refined artistry, elevating it to a treasured furnishing piece of elegant proportions, gracing the imperial chamber with its decorative grace. The reign of the Qing Dynasty brought this evolution to its zenith, a confluence of artistry and technological advancement without parallel.
Compositional Origins and Imperial Portraits
The genesis of this composition finds its roots in a revered Song Dynasty portfolio from the imperial collection. Captivated by its unique format,乾隆emperor commissioned court painter Ding Guopeng and his contemporaries to reimagine this innovative style, replacing the original scholar-subjects with an imperial self-portrait. This unprecedented approach to imperial iconography found resonance in the emperor’s philosophical musings, symbolized in this pictorial juxtaposition, mirroring the symbiotic coexistence of Confucian and Mohist doctrines, epitomized in his personal creed of “embracing duality without disharmony.”
乾隆 and the Art of Portraiture
This portrayal of the emperor as an elder statesman, approximately four decades of age, is rendered with exquisite precision, capturing his countenance with a perceptive gaze that reflects wisdom and authority. Surrounded by an array of antiquities -青銅ware of ancient origins, ceramic masterworks of the Yuan Dynasty- provides a vivid panorama of the emperor’s antiquarian passions and discerning appreciation for fine craftsmanship. These carefully curated elements enhance the tableau’s composition while showcasing the monarch’s erudition and his keen interest in China’s artistic traditions.
Imperial Appreciation and Aesthetic Refinement
乾隆emperor’s profound understanding of Confucian principles guided his artistic preferences, reflected in his calligraphy. The inscribed maxim “儒可墨可，何慮何思” extols the compatibility of these disparate schools of thought, akin to the harmonious coexistence of his portrait within a painting on the屏風, an ingenious interplay of reality and artistic representation. Moreover, the emperor’s affinity for artistic innovation is palpable in this work, demonstrating the boundless scope of his aesthetic appreciation and his relentless pursuit of novel artistic expressions.
| 認知 | 真實世界 |
|---|---|
| 立方體可以凸出或凹入 | 立方體只能凸出或凹入一種 |
| 感知依賴於觀點 | 對象的客觀形狀不依賴於觀點 |
| 可以同時看到多個視角 | 一次只能從一個視角看到對象 |
認知的侷限
此外，「是一是二圖」也揭露了認知的侷限性：
- 視覺主導：我們傾向於依賴視覺線索，即使它們可能具有欺騙性。
- 認知偏見：過去經驗和期望會影響我們如何詮釋刺激。
- 主觀性：不同的個人可能會對同一刺激有不同的認知。
真實世界的影響
「是一是二圖」的原則在真實世界中也有應用：
- 溝通障礙：不同的人可能以不同的方式詮釋訊息，導致誤解。
- 解決問題：不同的觀點可以提供新的解決方案，但它們也可能導致衝突。
- 決策制定：認知偏見和主觀性會影響我們做出決定的方式。
實例
- 股市：投資者可能會依賴過去的績效來做出決策，但這可能導致他們忽略市場的潛在風險。
- 醫療保健：不同的醫生可能對同一病症有不同的診斷，這可能會影響患者的治療。
- 司法：目擊者的證詞可能會受到他們自己的認知偏見和預期的影響。
結論
延伸閲讀…
乾隆皇帝是一是二圖軸
《是一是二圖》的這些知識點，你一定不知道！
「是一是二圖」提醒我們，認知和真實世界之間存在著差距。瞭解我們的認知侷限性對於改善溝通、解決問題和做出明智的決策至關重要。通過意識到視覺錯覺的影響，我們可以培養批判性思維技能，並在面對複雜的資訊時做出更明智的判斷。